24 Fascinating Facts About Colombia: A Land of Wonders and Surprises

Colombia, a country known for its vibrant culture, diverse landscapes, and rich history, is a place that constantly surprises and delights. Whether you’re planning to visit or simply curious about this South American gem, there’s no shortage of fascinating facts to explore. From the streets of Bogotá to the jungles of the Amazon, here are 24 things you may not know about Colombia. Buckle up for an exciting journey through this incredible country!

1. Named After Christopher Columbus

Colombia’s name is a tribute to the famous explorer Christopher Columbus. The country officially became the Republic of Colombia in 1886, though it was previously known as the Republic of New Granada. The name reflects the nation’s historical connection to the Age of Exploration.

2. More Spanish Speakers than Spain

Did you know that Colombia has more Spanish speakers than Spain? An impressive 99.2% of Colombians speak Spanish, slightly surpassing Spain’s 99%. This makes Colombia the second-largest Spanish-speaking country in the world, after Mexico. It’s a testament to the country’s linguistic heritage and cultural identity.

3. Home to 102 Indigenous Nations & 88 Languages

Colombia is home to 102 indigenous groups and 88 distinct languages. These indigenous cultures date back more than 14,000 years, and their languages, customs, and traditions are a vital part of Colombia’s identity. From the Amazon rainforest to the Andean mountains, indigenous communities continue to play a crucial role in shaping the country’s culture. If you’re planning to visit the coastal regions, consider staying at baru hotels colombia to experience the beauty of the country’s heritage and natural wonders.

4. Only Two Seasons

Unlike many countries, Colombia only experiences two seasons: rainy and dry. While the country’s geographic diversity means local climates vary, the two main seasons are consistent throughout much of the country. The town of Loro, located in the Chocó department, holds the record for the most rainfall, receiving 43 feet of rain annually — more than Seattle or London!

5. Caño Cristales – The River of Five Colors

Known as the Liquid Rainbow, Caño Cristales is a river like no other. Between September and November, the river’s waters are transformed by aquatic plants, creating a spectacular array of colors, including red, yellow, blue, and green. This natural phenomenon is accessible via a combination of plane and horseback, making it a must-see for nature enthusiasts.

6. 60 National Parks Cover 10% of the Country

Colombia is a haven for nature lovers, with 60 national parks covering about 10% of the country’s total land area. These parks are as diverse as the landscapes they protect, offering everything from tropical beaches to snow-capped mountains, glaciers, and ancient rock art. Tayrona, La Macarena, and Los Nevados are just a few of the famous parks that showcase the country’s incredible natural beauty.

7. Among 17 Megadiverse Countries

Colombia is one of the 17 “megadiverse” countries, meaning it holds nearly 10% of the world’s biodiversity. The country is home to an astonishing range of ecosystems, from lush rainforests to high-altitude deserts. The sheer variety of flora and fauna in Colombia is unmatched anywhere else in the world, making it a paradise for wildlife enthusiasts.

8. Emerald Powerhouse

If you love gemstones, you’ll appreciate Colombia’s emeralds. The country produces between 70% and 90% of the world’s emeralds, with Colombian emeralds renowned for their deep, vibrant green hue. These gemstones are a symbol of Colombia’s natural wealth and beauty.

9. Coasts on Two Oceans

Colombia is unique in South America because it has coastlines on both the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. This geographical feature gives the country a diverse range of marine ecosystems and picturesque beaches, perfect for anyone looking to experience both tropical climates and dramatic coastal landscapes.

10. Cheese in Hot Chocolate

In Colombia, it’s a beloved tradition to add cheese to hot chocolate. While it might sound unusual, locals believe it enhances the flavor, and it’s considered a cozy comfort food. As they say in Colombia: “Chocolate sin queso es como amor sin beso” (“Chocolate without cheese is like love without a kiss”).

11. Tejo – Exploding National Sport

Tejo is a national sport with a fiery twist! Players throw metal discs at targets called mechas, which are filled with gunpowder. When the disc hits the target, it causes an explosive bang. Tejo, which has been around for over 500 years, is more than just a sport — it’s a symbol of Colombian culture and excitement.

12. Home to Pink Dolphins

Colombia is home to the rare and endangered pink river dolphin, found in the country’s vast network of rivers. These dolphins, known for their distinctive pink color, are a beautiful example of the country’s rich biodiversity. The pink hue helps them blend into the muddy, reddish waters of Colombia’s rivers.

13. Hosts World’s Largest Salsa Festival

Every year, the city of Cali hosts the World Salsa Festival, which attracts over 44,000 people. Salsa music and dance are deeply ingrained in the country’s culture, and this festival showcases Colombia’s passion for rhythm, dance, and celebration.

14. Cumbia – Colombia’s Beloved Dance

Cumbia, one of Colombia’s most famous musical styles and dances, originated in the northern part of the country. This rhythmic and energetic dance, influenced by indigenous, African, and Spanish traditions, is a cornerstone of Colombian cultural heritage.

15. More Female Bosses than Male

In Colombia, women hold 53% of managerial roles, making the country one of the only three in the world where women outnumber men in leadership positions. This reflects a progressive societal shift and the increasing empowerment of women in Colombia’s workforce.

16. The Legend of El Dorado

The myth of El Dorado, the legendary “City of Gold,” is believed to be rooted in Colombia. It is said to lie somewhere in the Andes, and many explorers, including Sir Walter Raleigh, sought its riches in the 16th century. While the city of gold has never been found, the legend continues to captivate imaginations worldwide.

17. Lots of National Holidays

Colombians are fortunate to enjoy the second-most bank holidays in the world. Many of these holidays fall on Mondays, giving Colombians the perfect excuse for long weekends filled with family gatherings and festive celebrations.

18. First Free Town in the Americas: Palenque

San Basilio de Palenque holds the title of the first free town in the Americas. Established in 1691 by escaped slaves, it is recognized by UNESCO for its rich cultural heritage. This town is a symbol of resistance and resilience in Colombia’s history.

19. Ciudad Perdida – Older Than Machu Picchu

The Lost City (Ciudad Perdida) is an ancient archaeological site in the Sierra Nevada mountains. It is over 600 years older than Machu Picchu and can only be reached by a 4- to 5-day trek through the jungle, making it a true adventure for explorers.

20. Bogotá is One of the World’s Highest Capitals

At an altitude of 8,660 feet (2,640 meters) above sea level, Bogotá is the fourth-highest capital city in the world. Despite its high elevation, Bogotá is a bustling metropolis, rich in history, culture, and a growing arts scene.

21. Bogotá’s Weekly Ciclovía

Every Sunday, Bogotá hosts a Ciclovía, where 47 miles of roads are closed to cars and transformed into spaces for cyclists, runners, and skaters. This weekly event attracts more participants than many major sports events and has become an essential part of the city’s outdoor lifestyle.

22. South America’s Longest Bike Route

Colombia is also home to Alto de Letras, South America’s longest cycling route. Spanning 186 miles, this route climbs from 1,535 feet to a staggering 12,014 feet — a 50-mile nonstop ascent that challenges even the most experienced cyclists.

23. 15 Assassination Attempts on Ex-President Uribe

Former President Álvaro Uribe, who served from 2002 to 2010, survived a staggering 15 assassination attempts throughout his political career. This grim statistic highlights the intense political volatility that has shaped Colombia’s modern history.

24. Hormigas Culonas – A Crunchy Street Snack

If you’re feeling adventurous, you can try hormigas culonas, or fried leaf-cutter ants. Eaten as a street snack in Santander, these ants are believed to be aphrodisiacs and are packed with protein but low in fat. A crunchy, unusual treat!